Patofisiologi Biomedik Depresi: Tinjauan Komprehensif terhadap Mekanisme Neurobiologis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56260/sciena.v4i3.217Keywords:
depresi, biomedik, neurotransmiter, HPA, inflamasi, neuroplastisitas, genetikAbstract
Depresi merupakan salah satu gangguan psikiatri yang paling sering dijumpai di populasi umum dan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap morbiditas serta disabilitas global. Dari perspektif biomedik, depresi bukan hanya kondisi psikologis, melainkan gangguan yang ditandai oleh perubahan kompleks pada sistem saraf pusat, neuroendokrin, dan imun. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tinjauan sistematis dan mendalam mengenai mekanisme biomedik yang melandasi gangguan depresi, termasuk disfungsi neurotransmiter, hiperaktivasi sumbu hipotalamus-hipofisis-adrenal (HPA), neuroinflamasi, gangguan neuroplastisitas, dan implikasi genetik-epigenetik. Pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap aspek biomedik ini menjadi dasar penting dalam pengembangan pendekatan terapi yang lebih tepat sasaran dan efektif.
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