Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dan Profil Lipid dengan Kategori Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular Aterosklerotik Berdasarkan ASCVD Risk Score
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56260/sciena.v5i3.362Keywords:
Aktivitas fisik, HDL, LDL, ASCVD Risk Score, Penyakit Kardiovaskular.Abstract
Latar Belakang: Penyakit kardiovaskular aterosklerotik (Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease/ASCVD) merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di dunia. Aktivitas fisik dan profil lipid merupakan faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi, namun bukti mengenai hubungannya dengan kategori risiko ASCVD pada pasien rawat jalan di Indonesia masih terbatas.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan aktivitas fisik dan profil lipid (HDL dan LDL) dengan kategori risiko penyakit kardiovaskular aterosklerotik berdasarkan ASCVD Risk Score pada pasien rawat jalan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada 70 pasien rawat jalan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), sedangkan kadar HDL dan LDL diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dinilai menggunakan ASCVD Risk Score dan dikategorikan menjadi risiko rendah, borderline, sedang, dan tinggi. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Spearman Rank, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ordinal dengan tingkat kemaknaan 95% (α = 0,05). Hasil: Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik berhubungan negatif secara bermakna dengan kategori risiko ASCVD (r = –0,465; p < 0,001), demikian pula kadar HDL (r = –0,317; p = 0,007). Sebaliknya, kadar LDL tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan kategori risiko ASCVD (r = 0,143; p = 0,236). Hasil analisis regresi logistik ordinal menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik dan kadar HDL tetap berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap kategori risiko ASCVD, sedangkan kadar LDL tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik dan kadar HDL merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kategori risiko penyakit kardiovaskular aterosklerotik berdasarkan ASCVD Risk Score pada pasien rawat jalan. Peningkatan aktivitas fisik dan optimalisasi kadar HDL perlu menjadi bagian dari strategi pencegahan primer penyakit kardiovaskular di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan.
References
. Anata, I. P., & Yasmin, I. F. (2025). Lipid Profile Analysis of Coronary Heart Disease Patients in Gatot Soebroto Indonesia Army Central Hospital for January- June 2024 Period. Eduvest:Journal of Universal Studies, 5(5), 5613–5623.
. Arnett, D. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Albert, M. A., Buroker, A. B., Goldberger, Z. D., Hahn, E. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., Michos, E. D., Muñoz, D., & Virani, S. S. (2019). Circulation ACC / AHA CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE 2019 ACC / AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678
. Arsyad, D. S., Westerink, J., Cramer, M. J., Ansar, J., Visseren, F. L. J., & Doevendans, P. A. (2022). Modifiable risk factors in adults with and without prior cardiovascular disease : findings from the Indonesian National Basic Health Research. BMC Public Health, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13104-0
. Balitbangkes RI. (2018). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.pdf. In Lembaga Penerbit Balitbangkes. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3906/1/LAPORAN RISKESDAS SUMATRA BARAT 2018.pdf
. Desai, M. R., Rathod, M. M., Parekh, K., & Dudhat, K. (2025). Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Cardiovascular Risk : A Review. ScienceFrontier : J Clinical Case Studies and Review Reports, 2(2). https://doi.org/CCSRR-RA-25-023.
. Ekelund, U., Tarp, J., Steene-Johannessen, J., Hansen, B. H., Jefferis, B., Fagerland, M. W., Whincup, P., Diaz, K. M., Hooker, S. P., Chernofsky, A., Larson, M. G., Spartano, N., Vasan, R. S., Dohrn, I.-M., Hagströmer, M., Edwardson, C., Yates, T., Shiroma, E., Anderssen, S. A., & Lee, I.-M. (2019). Dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 366, l4570. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4570
. Federation World Heart, W. (2023). WORLD HEART REPORT 2023 CONFRONTING THE WORLD ’ S NUMBER.
. Ference, B. A., Ginsberg, H. N., Graham, I., Ray, K. K., Chris, J., Bruckert, E., Hegele, R. A., Krauss, R. M., Raal, F. J., Schunkert, H., Watts, G. F., & Bore, J. (2017). Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease . 1 . Evidence from genetic , epidemiologic , and clinical studies . A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. 2459–2472. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144
. Grundy, S. M., Stone, N. J., Bailey, A. L., Beam, C., Birtcher, K. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Braun, L. T., de Ferranti, S., Faiella-Tommasino, J., Forman, D. E., Goldberg, R., Heidenreich, P. A., Hlatky, M. A., Jones, D. W., Lloyd-Jones, D., Lopez-Pajares, N., Ndumele, C. E., Orringer, C. E., Peralta, C. A., … Yeboah, J. (2019). 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(24), 3168–3209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.002
. Harrell, F. E. (2015). Springer Series in Statistics Regression Modeling Strategies.
. Lear, S. A., Hu, W., Rangarajan, S., Gasevic, D., Leong, D., Iqbal, R., Casanova, A., Swaminathan, S., Anjana, R. M., Kumar, R., Rosengren, A., Wei, L., Yang, W., Chuangshi, W., Huaxing, L., Nair, S., Diaz, R., Swidon, H., Gupta, R., … Yusuf, S. (2017). The effect of physical activity on mortality and cardiovascular disease in 130 000 people from 17 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: the PURE study. The Lancet, 390(10113), 2643–2654. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31634-3
. Mach, F., Baigent, C., Catapano, A. L., Koskinas, K. C., Casula, M., Badimon, L., Chapman, M. J., Backer, G. G. De, Delgado, V., Ference, B. A., Graham, I. M., Halliday, A., Landmesser, U., Mihaylova, B., Pedersen, T. R., Riccardi, G., Dimitrios J. Richter (Greece), M. S. S., Taskinen, M.-R., Tokgozoglu, L., & Wiklund, O. (2020). 2019 ESC / EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias : lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455
. Suhadi, R., Virginia, D. M., & Setiawan, C. H. (2017). Association Of Lipid Profiles With 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk : Study Among Subjects In Sleman District Of Yogyakarta Indonesia. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10(12), 8–12.
. Sunanto, Santoso, A., Sukmawan, R., Adam, E., Desandri, D., Zahara, R., Wicaksono, S., & Putra, M. P. (2026). Erratum : Dyslipidemia management among patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk in Indonesia : a multi-center registry. 46(2), 30701. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.2232
. Virani, S. S., Morris, P. B., Agarwala, A., Ballantyne, C. M., Birtcher, K. K., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Ladden-Stirling, A. B., Miller, M., Orringer, C. E., & Stone, N. J. (2021). 2021 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Management of ASCVD Risk Reduction in Patients With Persistent Hypertriglyceridemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 78(9), 960–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.011
. Visseren, F. L. J., Mach, F., Smulders, Y. M., Carballo, D., Koskinas, K. C., Bäck, M., Benetos, A., Biffi, A., Boavida, J.-M., Capodanno, D., Cosyns, B., Crawford, C., Davos, C. H., Desormais, I., Di Angelantonio, E., Franco, O. H., Halvorsen, S., Hobbs, F. D. R., Hollander, M., … Williams, B. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. European Heart Journal, 42(34), 3227–3337. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484
. Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity: a systematic review of current systematic reviews. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 32(5), 541–556. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000437
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Bun Yurizali, Nurmaines Adhyka, Muhammad Reyhan Febrian, Nana Liana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
